Wind effects on flame projection probability from a compartment with opposing openings

This paper investigates flame projection probability from a compartment with opposing openings under assisting wind environment. The effect of external wind on the flow conditions at the door, hot gas velocity at the window and flame projection probability was investigated. Results showed that when the external wind is absent or at low wind velocities, bidirectional flow can be seen at the door. With the increment of the wind velocity, the bidirectional flow will become unidirectional at low fuel supply rate. At high wind velocities, the unidirectional flow can be seen at the door regardless of the fuel supply rate. Correlations for hot gas velocity at the window are formulated based on the mass conservation of the flow in the compartment. The calculated results have a good agreement with the experimental data. Due to fluctuations of the gases ejected from the window, flames eject from the compartment intermittently. The intermittent characteristic of flame ejecting from the compartment is influenced by the temperature and velocity of the hot gas velocity at the window. The model to predict flame projection probability is modified based on previous study without external wind.     

Large eddy simulation of hydrogen combustion in supersonic flows using an Eulerian stochastic fields method

An Eulerian Monte-Carlo approach, the so-called Eulerian stochastic fields (ESF) method is implemented and evaluated for simulation of non-premixed hydrogen/air combustion in supersonic flows. The ESF method is integrated into a compressible flow large eddy simulation (LES) solver, and validated on a supersonic combustor with a strut as flame-holder. Comparison with experimental data and with results from a well-stirred reactor (WSR) model demonstrates the advantage of the LES-ESF method for simulation of local-extinction and re-ignition phenomena. The hydrogen/air flame structure and the stabilization of the combustion process in the supersonic combustor are analysed based on the present LES-ESF method. Oscillation of the recirculation zones is found to be the dominant mechanism for the local-extinction/re-ignition and the flame stabilization under the present condition.     

Development of nonlinear spectral correlation between ultrasonic modulation components

When a damaged structure is exposed to ultrasonic waves at two distinct frequencies, nonlinear wave modulation resulted from a damage such as a fatigue crack can be observed in the corresponding response, offering an opportunity for early damage detection. This study attempted to improve nonlinear wave modulation-based damage detection by applying statistically weak-linked inputs over two distinct frequencies to the target structure and then conducting a cyclostationarity analysis of the corresponding structural response. The cyclostationary nature of the structural response produces a statistical variation over time, allowing the structural response to be processed using a spectral correlation function. The spectral correlation can thus be used to transform the structural response into two dimensions characterized by their cyclic and spectral frequencies. Then, the damage-induced nonlinear modulation can be detected by studying the spectral correlation values for the specific cyclic and spectral frequencies defined by the modulation frequencies. This premise forms the basis for nonlinear spectral correlation, which is a new damage feature that is superior in terms of its sensitivity for nonlinear damage and improved robustness against noise compared to a conventional spectral density function. The performance of the proposed technique was validated by conducting an experiment with aluminum plates containing real fatigue cracks. The results of this experiment showed that the proposed technique could detect damage even under severely noisy conditions.     

汾河上游水文干旱时空演变特征分析

以汾河上游四个水文站月径流资料为基础,选取常用的六种概率分布拟合了月、季、年时间尺度下的径流量,并进行了拟合优度检验,判断出汾河上游水文站不同时间尺度下径流服从的最佳分布函数,根据最佳分布函数计算标准化径流指数,分析不同时间尺度下的水文干旱时空变化特征。结果表明,汾河上游不同站点在不同时间尺度下服从的概率分布并不统一;不同时间尺度下四个水文站的标准化径流指数变化具有较好的一致性;1956~2000年标准化径流指数总体呈下降趋势,水文干旱逐年加重;西北部干旱程度逐渐减轻,东南部干旱严重程度逐渐加重。     

多视图交叉一致性学习的半监督水面目标检测

为缓解基于半监督学习的水面目标检测对有限标注样本过拟合的问题，提高无标注样本中目标提取的有效性，提出了基于多视图交叉一致性学习的半监督水面目标检测算法。首先，该算法通过数据增强的方式为训练样本生成不同的视图以丰富数据集的多样性；然后，利用所提出的多视图目标判别器为无标注样本在线生成伪标签，有助于提取无标注样本的有效信息；最后，利用所提出的多视图交叉一致性学习使同一目标实例的不同视图的输出实现交叉一致性正则化，以促进检测模型学习判别性的特征从而降低过拟合的风险。在海上和内河数据集上的实验结果表明：文中所提算法能够提高特征提取的判别性，对多类别的水面目标检测精度达到91.0%,比全监督检测算法提高了18.7%,比其他半监督检测算法提高了3.8%以上；在检测速度上，该算法达到13.1帧/s,基本满足实时性要求。所提算法通过多视图交叉一致性学习提高特征的判别性和缓解检测模型的过拟合风险，有助于提高半监督水面目标检测的性能。     

Volume-based method for spectrum sensing

It is recently shown that algorithms derived from random matrix theory (RMT) can provide superior performance for spectrum sensing, which corresponds to the task of detecting the presence of primary users in cognitive radio. The essence of the RMT-based methods is to utilize the distribution of extremal eigenvalues of the received signal sample covariance matrix (SCM), namely, the Tracy–Widom (TW) distribution. Although the TW distribution is quite useful in spectrum sensing, computationally demanding numerical evaluation is required because it does not have an explicit closed-form expression. In this paper, we devise two novel volume-based detectors by exploiting the determinant of the SCM or volume to distinguish between the signal-presence and signal-absence cases. With the use of RMT, we accurately produce the theoretical decision threshold for one of the detectors under the Gaussian noise assumption. Simulation results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the volume-based detectors.     

Reliable detection and separation of components for solid objects defined with scalar fields

The detection of the number of disjoint components is a well-known procedure for surface objects. However, this problem has not been solved for solid models defined with scalar fields in the so-called implicit form. In this paper, we present a technique which allows for detection of the number of disjoint components with a predefined tolerance for an object defined with a single scalar function. The core of the technique is a reliable continuation of the spatial enumeration based on the interval methods. We also present several methods for separation of components using set-theoretic operations for further handling these components individually in a solid modelling system dealing with objects defined with scalar fields.     

Hierarchical crowd analysis and anomaly detection

ObjectiveThis work proposes a novel approach to model the spatiotemporal distribution of crowd motions and detect anomalous events.MethodsWe first learn the regions of interest (ROIs) which inform the behavioral patterns by trajectory analysis with Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes (HDP), so that the main trends of crowd motions can be modeled. Based on the ROIs, we then build a series of histograms both on global and local levels as the templates for the observed movement distribution, which statistically describes time-correlated crowd events. Once the template has been built hierarchically, we import real data containing the discrete trajectory observations from video surveillance and detect abnormal events for individuals and for crowds.ResultsExperimental results show the effectiveness of our approach, which is able to analyze and extract the crowd motion information from observed trajectory dataset, and achieve the anomaly detection at the hierarchical levels.ConclusionThe proposed hierarchical approach can learn the moving trends of crowd both in global and local area and describe the crowd behaviors in statistical way, which build a template for pedestrian movement distribution that allows for the detection of time-correlated abnormal crowd events.     

Monitoring applications: An immune inspired algorithm for software-fault detection

Large-scale software systems are in general difficult to manage and monitor. In many cases, these systems display unexpected behavior, especially after being updated or when changes occur in their environment (operating system upgrades or hardware migrations, to name a few). Therefore, to handle a changing environment, it is desirable to base fault detection and performance monitoring on self-adaptive techniques.Several studies have been carried out in the past which, inspired on the immune system, aim at solving complex technological problems. Among them, anomaly detection, pattern recognition, system security and data mining are problems that have been addressed in this framework.There are similarities between the software fault detection problem and the identification of the pathogens that are found in natural immune systems. Being inspired by vaccination and negative and clonal selection observed in these systems, we developed an effective self-adaptive model to monitor software applications analyzing the metrics of system resources.     

基于51单片机的瓦斯检测系统

能源是一个国家经济发展重要因素。从改革开发开始,中国的煤矿开采量逐年加大,对于煤矿安全也越来越重视。在煤矿事故中,据不完全统计重大矿难40%以上都是由于瓦斯爆炸造成的,因此,瓦斯的监测就是煤矿安全系统的重中之重,该设计就是基于89S52单片机设计的气体瓦斯监测系统。